Article in peer-reviewed journal
October 2018, Frontiers in Marine Science

Tim van Emmerik, Thuy-Chung Kieu-Le, Michelle Loozen, Kees van Oeveren, Emilie Strady, Xuan-Thanh Bui, Matthias Egger, Johnny Gasperi, Laurent Lebreton, Phuoc-Dan Nguyen, Anna Schwarz, Boyan Slat and Bruno Tassin

  • Publication type: Article in peer-reviewed journal
  • Journal: Frontiers in Marine Science
  • Collaborators: The Ocean Cleanup Foundation (NL), CARE, Ho Chi Min University of Technology (VN), Faculty of Geology and Petroleum Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (VN), CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP, IGE, University of Grenoble Alpes (FR), Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (VN), Laboratoire Eau, Environnement, Systèmes Urbains (LEESU), UniversitĂ© Paris-Est (FR), The Modelling House Limited (NZ).
  • DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2018.00372
  • Submitted: 25.06.2018
  • Accepted: 25.09.2018
  • Published: 17.10.2018

Abstract

Land-based macroplastic is considered one of the major sources of marine plastic debris. However, estimations of plastic emission from rivers into the oceans remain scarce and uncertain, mainly due to a severe lack of standardized observations. To properly assess global plastic fluxes, detailed information on spatiotemporal variation in river plastic quantities and composition are urgently needed. In this paper, we present a new methodology to characterize riverine macroplastic dynamics. The proposed methodology was applied to estimate the plastic emission from the Saigon River, Vietnam. During a 2-week period, hourly cross-sectional profiles of plastic transport were made across the river width. Simultaneously, sub-hourly samples were taken to determine the weight, size and composition of riverine macroplastics (>5 cm). Finally, extrapolation of the observations based on available hydrological data yielded new estimates of daily, monthly and annual macroplastic emission into the ocean. Our results suggest that plastic emissions from the Saigon River are up to four times higher than previously estimated. Importantly, our flexible methodology can be adapted to local hydrological circumstances and data availability, thus enabling a consistent characterization of macroplastic dynamics in rivers worldwide. Such data will provide crucial knowledge for the optimization of future mediation and recycling efforts.

  • research methodology, river pollution